Benjamin Franklin

Franklin Benjamin (1706-1790) is an American politician, political scientist, diplomat, journalist and writer, publisher and inventor, leader in the struggle for independence. There are three most important documents in American history: the Us Declaration of independence, the us Constitution, and the Treaty of Versailles. Under all of them is the signature of Benjamin Franklin. Childhood In 1706, on January 17, a Benjamin boy was born on milk Street in Boston to an emigrant family engaged in the production of candles and soap. His father, Josiah Franklin, emigrated from England in 1683. When he arrived in Boston, the town had about 5,000 people, and there was no way to imagine that in the future it would be one of the largest American cities. Josiah had a second marriage, his wife's name was Abia Folger. From first marriage remained seven children, and still ten has given birth to him Abia. Having 17 children, it is not surprising that in the family of Franklin life was primitive and modest. Benjamin was the fifteenth child, he was named after his father's brother. Josiah really wanted Benjamin to go to school, but there was no money in the family. With all scenario they had just two years of study at the local grammar and arithmetic schools. The boy was 10 years old when the school doors closed before him. However, Ben learned to read very early. Books were his passion, and his education he received on their own. Benjamin began to help his father in his craft, when his elder brother John, who worked in the candle shop, decided to open a business. Ben became involved in pouring the forms in which manufactured candles, cutting wicks, packing finished product into boxes. The boy was industrious, but father's eyes were unable to hide how disgusted Ben worked with candle tallow and soap. His father began to take Benjamin with him when he went for walks, during which he introduced the boy to other types of crafts. Ben learned how carpenters and bricklayers, knife-makers and trellis work. Benjamin's cousin Samuel Franklin was engaged in craft of the knife-maker and had a workshop in which knives were made. Father wanted to attach Ben to his Studio, but Samuel asked for a very high price for training, and the career of the knife was not destined to take place. And then Ben's father decided that the only thing that will appeal to his son-bibliophile, will be publishing books. Coincidentally, just at that time from England came the eldest of the children, Franklin, James, who was trained in the printing craft. He brought with him a font, the printing press and other accessories required for a printing business. A contract was drawn up, according to which 12-year-old Benjamin Franklin came to his brother James for training in printing craft for a period of 9 years. The contract was formulated so that the salary of an adult employee relied Benjamin only in the last ninth year.terminated the contract, and Benjamin, without means of livelihood, went to Philadelphia. Youth and youth Arriving in a new town, Ben even thought I could not afford, then, to imagine that here comes the star of his unfading glory. The fact that he studied with his brother printing craft and worked for several years as an apprentice, Benjamin served a good service. He was hired at a local printing house. Some time later, Franklin went to London, where he studied the latest developments in the field of printing presses and related equipment. After three years, Ben returned to America. In 1727 he already had his own printing house. In 1728, Franklin founded the Philadelphia debate club of merchants and artisans. At first it was called club "Junto", otherwise "Club of leather aprons". This society is constantly replenished by Russian scientists, which later became I. F. Kruzenshtern, T. I. background Klingstedt, P. S. Pallas, V. Ya. Struve, E. R. Dashkov